What is Amino Acid Metabolism: Amino acid Metabolism is nothing but a series of chemical reaction process responsible for the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids carried for the production of energy for the living organisms. Amino are comprised of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. These biochemical catalysts form the cellular structure. Amino acid is the only nutrient that contains nitrogen which plays the key role for the formation of different amino acids. Proteins are the organic compounds of amino acids which are the essential nutrients in building the muscle tissue and organs. Amino acids are very essential for building the cell structures .If the presences of amino acids are in excess state then it was converted into fat and later used for energy metabolism.
Amino acid plays many roles in metabolism. It does the support for forming the proteins building blocks. Amino acid acts as an intermediate chemical compound for synthesis of large molecules. These acids take an important place in nutrition table.
Energy formation from amino groups: Amino acid groups are transformed from muscles to liver by the glucose –alanine cycle for the conversion of these amino acids into glucose. All amino acids are converted into glucose for the occurrence of catabolism in liver as it plays a major role in holding the essential amino acids. Due to the action of insulin the plasma amino acids are damaged by dietary carbohydrate.
The body exposes to prolonged starvation or illness due to the breakdown of amino acids by the inadequate supply of energy .Brain tissues uses the preference of liver for utilizing the proteins in it. Liver cells and kidney cells are the only two organs to contain the gluconeogenesis pathway which are used for the conversion of amino acids into glucose.
The amino acid metabolism is carried in two path ways:
Amino acid catabolism: Amino acid catabolism is the process of breaking down the amino acid group into smaller units for the easy transfer of energy through blood to the cells. Amino acid catabolism is also referred to as digestion process of nutrients. During protein catabolism vitamin B6 is in amino acids are used for transamination of nitrogen from one acid to another acid. In this process L-glutamate is formed by the transamination of amino acids and later this product is converted into ammonia by oxidative deamination. By this ammonia, urea synthesis is carried out and transmitted to the kidneys through blood and released out in the urination. Carbon dioxide, Adenasine triphosphate, urea, water and ammonia are the final products of protein catabolism.
Amino acid anabolism: Amino acid Anabolism is the process of grouping the smaller amino groups into larger protein molecule for building up the organs and muscle tissues of the living organisms.
Amino acid metabolism disorder: Amino acid metabolism occurs mainly due to the genetic orders of the living organisms. Cardiovascular , Hyperprolinemia , Biotinidase deficiency, Citrullinemia Hyperargininemia , Hyperlysinemias and Hartnup disease are caused by the amino acid metabolism disorders
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