What is drug metabolism: Drug metabolism is defined as the process of converting drugs into a typical water-soluble compound by simply increasing the drug polarity. Drug metabolism process is essential for human body to dilute the drugs into body fluids to perform specified functions by cells. After the dilution of the drugs their functionality will be vanished as they are converted into water-soluble state and excreted. For the metabolism process liver play a major role in carrying many functions in the body like decomposition of red blood cells, glycogen storage, hormone production, plasma protein synthesis and detoxification of drugs. Liver adds an alkaline compound fro easy digestion process and also releases bile with the support of lipids we intake through food.
Liver is the main site for the occurrence of drug metabolism as it contains all the necessary enzymes to carry this process and supports many biochemical reactions which are necessary for metabolism. Cytochrome is the main enzyme group that involves in the process of drug metabolism. These enzyme groups are stored in endoplasmic membrane of the cell.
The drug metabolism is divided into two distinct phases.
Phase-1 Drug metabolism: Drug metabolism generally involves oxidation and hydrolysis. In phase-1 oxidation is carried as a routine biochemical process. Oxidation process is catalyzed by the p450cytochrome enzymes to make the drug to loose some electrons to cause chemical reactions in the body cell of living organisms. After this phase -1 process the drug is completely oxidized and still yet active in state as it is not absorbed by the fluids.
Phase-2 Drug metabolism: In phase-2 drug metabolism the drug is attached with an outer ionized group of glutathione, acetyl and methyl group. This 2nd phase generally occurs in the cytoplasm hepatocyte of the cell membrane. The drug metabolite becomes more water soluble compound due to attachment of ionized group. This process creates reduction of drug activity before excreting.
For example consider the drug metabolism process for aspirin. During first phase, aspirin is converted into salicylic acid by the process of hydrolysis. And in second phase it was reacted with glycine acid forming a group of ionized metabolic pathways .after this process the drug looses its activity and excreted in the urine.
Taking drugs in overdose causes hepatitis as the presence of glutathione is in less amount to detoxify the metabolites. So use the prescribed drugs in proper manner
What is meant by pharmacokinetics: Pharmacokinetics is nothing but a scientific study about how the body reacts to the drugs which we intake. It is also referred as the study of the movement of drugs in our body .Pharmacokinetics also deals with the study of drug absorption rate, dilution rate, rate of metabolism and excretion.
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